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Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 7:1850-1862, 2008.
© 2008 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Review

Urine in Clinical Proteomics^*

^a INSERM, U858/I2MR, Department of Cardiac and Renal Remodeling, Team 5, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France, ^b Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France, ^c Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital des Enfants, Centre de Référence du Sud Ouest des Maladies Rénales Rares, 31059 Toulouse, France, ^e Laboratoire de Protéomique et Spectrométrie de Masse des Biomolécules, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France, and ^g Mosaiques Diagnostics and Therapeutics AG, 30625 Hannover, Germany

Urine has become one of the most attractive biofluids in clinical proteomics as it can be obtained non-invasively in large quantities and is stable compared with other biofluids. The urinary proteome has been studied by almost any proteomics technology, but mass spectrometry-based urinary protein and peptide profiling has emerged as most suitable for clinical application. After a period of descriptive urinary proteomics the field is moving out of the discovery phase into an era of validation of urinary biomarkers in larger prospective studies. Although mainly due to the site of production of urine, the majority of these studies apply to the kidney and the urinary tract, but recent data show that analysis of the urinary proteome can also be highly informative on non-urogenital diseases and used in their classification. Despite this progress in urinary biomarker discovery, the contribution of urinary proteomics to the understanding of the pathophysiology of disease upon analysis of the urinary proteome is still modest mainly because of problems associated to sequence identification of the biomarkers. Until now, research has focused on the highly abundant urinary proteins and peptides, but analysis of the less abundant and naturally existing urinary proteins and peptides still remains a challenge. In conclusion, urine has evolved as one of the most attractive body fluids in clinical proteomics with potentially a rapid application in the clinic.

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